General Health, Metabolic Syndrome

Ketogenic diet improves fertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief report

A recent retrospective analysis examined the effects of a ketogenic diet on fertility outcomes in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), a condition affecting up to 20% of reproductive-age women that is often linked to obesity and insulin resistance.

Conducted at the Cleveland Clinic, the study reviewed the cases of 30 women with PCOS who followed a ketogenic diet (KD) for at least three months. The KD intervention involved very low carbohydrate intake (≤20 grams per day) with protein and fat adjusted to individual needs, supported by multidisciplinary counseling. The primary outcomes included the return of regular menstrual cycles and pregnancy rates among those desiring pregnancy.

Results:

Menstruation:

• • All 30 participants achieved regular menstrual cycles.
  • 92% restored regular menstruation within six months, with 100% achieving regularity by 15 months.

Pregnancy rates:

• • Among participants desiring pregnancy, 55.6% became pregnant.
  • Among participants who used metformin, 5 out of 13 (38.5%) achieved pregnancy, and 5 out of 5 (100%) who did not use metformin achieved pregnancy.
  • Among participants who used ovulation induction agents, 5 out of 8 (62.5%) achieved pregnancy, and 5 out of 10 (50%) who did not use ovulation induction agents achieved pregnancy.

Weight loss:

• • Significant weight loss was observed across the cohort.
  • Average weight change was -15.7 lbs (7.12 kg) at the time of menstrual regularity.

This study highlights the potential of ketogenic dietary therapy as an effective, non-pharmacological approach to improve reproductive outcomes in women with PCOS, regardless of metformin or ovulation induction use. While promising, further studies are necessary to validate these findings and explore the long-term effects of KD on fertility and overall health.